ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Implicit Leadership Theories: A Qualitative Study in an Iranian Organization
This research aims at discovering the traits and abilities which characterize ideal leaders in the minds of employees in an Iranian context. After employing the strategy of phenomenology to reach the components of ideal leadership, 15 tenured middle managers and employees possessing decent management knowledge in the context were interviewed and after theme analysis, global, basic, and organizing themes were extracted. The results showed that the whole themes could be categorized into two groups of prototypes and anti-prototype. Five of the themes are the prototypes labeled as charismatic, humane oriented, employee’s servant, emotionally mature, and decisive and three of them are the anti-prototype labeled as selfish, deceptive, and narrow-minded. Although some of the components of Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs) are generalizable, the context can produce some distinct features of ILTs. This research tried to discover implicit leadership theories in an Iranian context. According to the available themes in the literature of ILTs, employee’s servant, emotionally mature and decisive are the three novel prototypes and deceptive and narrow-minded are the new anti-prototypeanti-prototype. Moreover, this is the first study using interview to discover ILTs with the inclusion of data retrieved from participants’ semantic memory.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60205_79bc96552eff76d868b09b35c6bf76ee.pdf
2017-03-01
1
29
10.22059/ijms.2017.60205
Implicit Leadership Theories
Iran
prototypes
anti-prototypeanti-prototype
Mohammad Sadegh
Sharifirad
ili_teacher@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Mortazavi
mortazavi@um.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fariborz
Rahimnia
r-nia@um.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad Mahdi
Farahi
mfarahi@um.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Empirical Examination of the Major Relationship Factors Affecting Franchisees’ Overall Satisfaction and Intention to Stay
The Nigerian franchise sector witnessed a rapid growth at the turn of the century, from 2001 to 2010, and thereafter started declining. Disputes, relational conflicts, and high rate of outlets closure have characterized the industry over the years. Meanwhile, studies show that to a large extent, success of franchisees depends on the quality of relationship they have with their franchisors. No prior empirical study has investigated the cause of the increasing relationship disputes in the Nigerian franchise industry. This investigation aims to explore the key relationship factors that influence franchisees’ overall satisfaction and intention to stay. Personal interview involving 26 franchisees was used to collect data from different franchise brands across Nigeria. Four factors emerged strongly as the antecedents of the relationship problem in the franchise system. Answering the calls of many scholars for studies in different cultures and settings on franchisor-franchisees relationship, this study provides the first-ever empirical insights into the relationship dynamics between franchisors and franchisees in Nigeria, thereby helping to strengthen the theory in the subject. The study offers some recommendations that will potentially help in reviving the industry for the benefit of the stakeholders and the economy at large.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60851_46cf8214eca45c402d22bd64cd48843d.pdf
2017-03-01
31
62
10.22059/ijms.2017.219496.672348
Commitment
Communication
intention to remain
intimacy
overall satisfaction
Relationship quality
trust
Adams
Adeiza
successfuladams@gmail.com
1
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara, Kedah, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Noor
Azizi Ismail
azizi833@uum.edu.my
2
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara, Kedah, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Marlin
Marissa Malek
marissa@uum.edu.my
3
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara, Kedah, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Abdullah, F., Alwi, M. R., Lee, N., & Ho, V. B. (2008). Measuring and managing franchisee satisfaction: A study of academic franchising. Journal of Modelling in Management, 3(2), 182-199.
1
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55
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59
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60
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61
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Affecting Social Commerce and Exploring the Mediating Role of Perceived Risk (Case Study: Social Media Users in Isfahan)
Owing to the ever-increasing prevalence of social media use, social commerce has become an important part of e-commerce. This study endeavors to explore the impact of social media quality and social support on the social commerce (SC) intention directly and through the variable of perceived risk. The sample included 214 social media users in Isfahan collected through simple random sampling method. A conceptual model was proposed based on the theoretical literature and empirical studies and was analyzed via Smart PLS software. According to the results, social media quality and support have positive effect on SC intention. However, social media quality has negative effect on user's perceived risk. Also, perceived risk has negative effect on SC intention and it has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social media quality and social commerce intention. Results not only illustrate how SC develops, but also, they could facilitate active businesses; this way, they make preparations for composing a better SC strategy.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60755_8d1ae067788adcd2a9e450b06d9e1213.pdf
2017-03-01
63
90
10.22059/ijms.2017.212223.672191
perceived risk
social commerce intention
social media quality
Social support
Maryam
Soleimani
m.soleimani120@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Management, Economics and Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Habibollah
Danaei
h.danai@live.com
2
Faculty of Management, Economics and Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Aliakbar
Jowkar
jowkar.aliakbar@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Management, Economics and Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mehdi
Parhizgar
parhizgar@pnu.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Management, Economics and Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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65
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
International Portfolio Diversification at Industry Level within South-East Asian Stock Markets
The issue of financial integration, at the country level, is a well-documented phenomenon in the area of International Portfolio Diversification (IPD). Despite the increasing degree of financial integration, it is important to investigate the global integration at industry level to capture the potential benefits of IPD. Thus, this study attempts to evaluate the potential advantages of IPD for international investors when investing in emergingstock markets of South-East Asia, through examining the co-integration within these markets at industry level during 2000-2012. Using Multiple Fitness Functions Genetic Algorithm (MFFGA) and co-integration techniques, the results imply that South-East Asian emergingstock markets are not co-integrated at the industry level, and thus great diversification gains can still be achieved by cross-industry portfolio diversification in this region. However, another contribution of the study is that the findings explicitly identify the industries that are better suited for diversification purposes.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_59822_56a5a4d2c93118a4773a4830a555735a.pdf
2017-03-01
91
112
10.22059/ijms.2017.59822
Co-integration
emergingmarkets
international portfolio diversification
Multiple Fitness Functions Genetic Algorithm (MFFGA)
Optimization
Gholamreza
Mansourfar
mansour325@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamzeh
Didar
h.didar@urmia.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Sarvin
Jodatnia
sjodatnia@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Adler, M., & Dumas, B. (1983). International portfolio choice and corporation finance: A synthesis. Journal of Finance, 38, 925-984.
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56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Silence and Voice of Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University in Tehran
Organizational voice and silence are two intertwined strategies in organizations. Organizational voice is an appropriate communicational tool in order to improve the organization. On the other hand, silence can have destructive effects on the decision-making process and organizational changes. Organizational culture is the important factor which facilitates ways of expressing ideas by employees and preventing silence. This applied study was a descriptive-analytical correlational analysis which aimed to investigate the effect of organizational culture on organizational silence and voice of faculty members of Islamic Azad University in Tehran. The population consisted of all faculty members of Islamic Azad universities in Tehran (1308 individuals). In this regard, 317 individuals were selected as a sample size using Morgan Table and stratified random sampling method. In the present study, stratified sampling was related to five branches in different regions (North, South, West, East, and Central branches of Tehran Azad Universities). Data collection was carried out using three standard questionnaires. For data analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) along with Lisrel software was performed. The results of the present investigation indicated that organizational culture had significant impact on organizational silence and voice of faculty members in Islamic Azad University in Tehran.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60720_3700ef5c0c23555b3cfb80d582fc92d2.pdf
2017-03-01
113
142
10.22059/ijms.2017.127016.671744
Organizational Culture
Organizational Silence
organizational voice
Shima
Sholekar
sh.sholekar@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Management, Tehran North branch, Islamic Azad Universities, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behzad
Shoghi
bsh417@ymail.com
2
Faculty of Economics & Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Universities, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afkhami Ardakani, M., & Mehrabanfar, E. (2015). Organizational silence, from roots to solutions: A case study in Iran petroleum industry. Iranian Journal of Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 4(2), 68-83. [In Persian]
1
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Co-Creation Intention; Presenting a Model of Antecedents and its Impact on Attitude Toward the Product (Case Study in Shatel Company)
Virtual co-creation is a tool which assists marketers in better recognizing customers’ needs and in increasing new products success rates. Despite the importance of co-creation in new product development, little empirical research is being conducted in order to clarify the concept. Studies are mostly company centric, overlooking consumer’s value perception of co-creation and how it affects his behavior. Thus, this research intends to analyze the customers’ value perceptions of virtual co-creation, considering the effect of self-efficacy on the correlation between their perceived value and co-creation intention, and eventually study the impact of co-creation intention on attitude toward the product. To do so, Shatel’s voice of the customer website was selected as an example of virtual co-creation and a questionnaire was distributed among 446 customers of this company. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and SPSS18 and Amos22 software. Results showed that customers perceived virtual co-creation valuable and self-efficacy had no significant impact on value perceptions of the participants regarding this process. Moreover, according to the findings, co-creation leads to positive attitudes toward the product.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60244_f3602943ad6425c367060001f9fe5185.pdf
2017-03-01
143
174
10.22059/ijms.2017.60244
attitude toward the product
Self-Efficacy
value-based TAM
virtual co-creation
Morteza
Soltani
mortezasoltanee@ut.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Management & Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Jandaghi
jandaghi@ut.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Management & Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Forouzandeh Shahraki
p.forouzandeh@ut.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Management & Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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67
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Empirical Effect of ABC Stages on the Performance of Companies
The major aim of this study is to extend Zhang and Isa’s (2011) study by investigating the moderating effect of the stages of ABC application on the firms’ performance. This study selects 106 Chinese manufacturing companies and employs multiple regression technique and structural equation modelling. It examines whether successful application of the ABC directly affects the firm’s performance, and tests whether the stages of ABC application could produce a moderating effect on the firms’ performance. Results indicate that successful application of ABC, significantly affects achievement of the costs and quality, while sales volume is only marginally affected by ABC application, and there is an insignificant relationship between ABC application and achievement of the targets pertaining to productivity, services, and profits. Moreover, this study reports that stages of ABC application would improve the strength of the relationship between ABC application success and firms’ performance. The findings emphasize the importance of cost, quality, and stages of ABC implementation issues for management, especially for the intention of the performance evaluation.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60912_7fbf835cf58f28616b5d751a82d99047.pdf
2017-03-01
175
205
10.22059/ijms.2017.216695.672286
ABC application success
Business Performance
stages of the ABC application
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
YI Fei
Zhang
zhang_frank20032003@yahoo.co.uk
1
Department of Accounting, University of Cheng Du, China
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Namazi
mnamazi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Accounting, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Che Ruhana
Isa
cruhana@um.edu.my
3
Department of Management and Accounting, University Malaya, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Al-Hroot, Y. A. K., Diab Massadeh, A. A., & Lotfi Amireh, M. S. (2015). The effect of activity-based costing on companies financial performance: A Study among Jordanian industrial shareholding companies. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(35), 146-153.
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Strategic Performance Measurement of Employees based on Project Efficiency and Effectiveness
One of the most important issues in strategic management is enhancing employees’ motivation to contribute in the implementation of strategies; because they usually do not pay necessary attention to strategies. Accordingly, it is required to consider and calculate their roles in implementing strategies. In terms of employees’ role in the organization, they have managerial (goal setter) and/or non-managerial (non-goal setter) role. We are looking for a strategic performance measurement method to involve both roles. Since there was not a pervasive method in the literature to cover both roles properly, this research introduces a method that measures and calculates the strategic performance of employees based on two main parts: Project effectiveness (for managerial roles) and project efficiency (for non-managerial roles). This method tested on a sample of employees in Hormozgan Cement Company. Results show a significant difference between employees who participated and those who did not participate in implementation of strategies in their performance value. Achieved values are tangible and traceable; therefore, employees can have a proper sense and reaction to outputs of this method.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60721_15188a70e917437eb82ba3962ed08155.pdf
2017-03-01
207
236
10.22059/ijms.2017.215271.672253
employees’ performance evaluation
project efficiency
project effectiveness
strategic performance measurement
Tayebe
Abbasnejad
abbasnejad@hormozgan.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Management, Hormozgan University, Bandarabbas, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Behboudi
behboudi@hormozgan.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Management, Hormozgan University, Bandarabbas, Iran
AUTHOR
Foroozan
Sahelizadegan
f_sahelizadegan@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Management, Hormozgan University, Bandarabbas, Iran
AUTHOR
Javad
Mahmoodi
javadmhm@hormozgancement.com
4
Faculty of Management, Hormozgan University & Hormozgan Cement Company, Bandar-Khamir, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aguinis, H. (2005). Performance management. London: Edinburgh Business School.
1
American National Standard for Human Resource Management. (2012). Performance Management Standard. New York: American National Standards Institute.
2
Amini, M., Keshavarz, E., Keshavarz., A., & Bagheri, S. (2016). Prioritisation and performance evaluation of employees at strategic human resource management process using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 17(1), 61-81.
3
Armstrong, M. (2006). Performance Management: Key Strategies and Practical Guidelines. London: Kogan Page.
4
Battaglia, M. (2008). Nonprobability sampling. Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods, 524-527.
5
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6
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7
Brienza, R. M., &Hildreth, J. C. (2007). Tracking project commodities for progress control. Virginia: Polytechnic Institute and State University.
8
David, F. R. (2011). Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
9
Foot, M., & Hook, C. (2011). Introducing human resource management. Harlow, England: Pearson Financial Times/Prentice Hall.
10
Gates, L. P. (2010). Strategic planning with critical success factors and future scenarios: An integrated strategic planning framework. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University.
11
Haines, V. Y., & St-Onge, S. (2012). Performance management effectiveness: Practices or context? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(6), 1158-1175.
12
Hartog, D. N., Boselie, P., & Paauwe, J. (2004). Performance management: A model and research agenda. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53(4), 556 -569.
13
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14
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15
Intrafocus. (2014). Key performance indicators: Developing meaningful KPIs. Retrieved from https://www.intrafocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/developing-meaningful-key-performance-indicators-V5.pdf
16
Ishizaka, A., & Pereira, V. (2016). Portraying an employee performance management system based on multi-criteria decision analysis and visual techniques. International Journal of Manpower, 37(4), 628-659.
17
Itika, J. S. (2011). Fundamentals of human resource management: Emerging experiences from Africa. Leiden: African Studies Centre.
18
Project Sizing: Estimating Needs and Allocating Resources. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.ittoolkit.com/how-to-it/projects/project-sizing.html.
19
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20
Milkovich, G. T., & Newman, J. M. (1999). Compensation. Boston, MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
21
Mone, E. M., & London, M. (2002). Fundamentals of performance management. London: Spiro.
22
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23
Osmani, F., & Maliqi, G. (2012). Performance management, its assessment and importance. Original Research Article, 41(2012), 434-441.
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27
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28
Sepehrirad, R., Azar, A., & Sadeghi, A. (2012). Developing a hybrid mathematical model for 360-degree performance appraisal: A case study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 844- 848.
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Sharma, A., Remy, B., & Koenemann, K. (2012). Get more out of your business improvement initiative: Align projects with strategic objectives. Management Briefing, 800.438.5535. Retrieved from www.tbmcg.com
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31
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32
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Service Quality and Student Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of University Culture, Reputation and Price in Education Sector of Pakistan
Service quality is imperative for higher education institutes in order to remain competitive and growing. There is a need to ensure students’ satisfaction with university. This study will help improve service quality of the institutes. Information and data are collected using a survey questionnaire from the higher education institutes of Pakistan using convenience sampling technique. Findings revealed that with the moderating effect of university culture, university reputation and price, higher education institutes can more significantly achieve the student satisfaction. University culture positively strengthens service quality to achieve and sustain student satisfaction, while price and university reputation strengthen the relationship in a negative direction. These moderators are the significant contributing factors.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60913_07d3885063b9230934b3dd344f45553a.pdf
2017-03-01
237
258
10.22059/ijms.2017.217335.672304
Service quality
Student satisfaction
university reputation
Price
university culture
Shahzadi
Saleem
saimasaleem@ciitlahore.edu.pk
1
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Kamran
Moosa
kamranmoosa@piqc.edu.pk
2
PIQC Institute of Quality, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Abeer
Imam
abeer_imam11@ymail.com
3
Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rashid
Ahmed Khan
rakhan@ciitlahore.edu.pk
4
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Abdullah, F. (2006). The development of HEdPERF: A new measuring instrument of service quality for the higher education sector. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30, 569-581.
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Ali,. A. Y. S., & Mohamed, A. I. (2014). Service quality provided by higher education institutions in Somalia and its impact on student satisfaction. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(11), 143-148.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Explaining and Testing the Aboriginal Model of Shopping Malls’ Success: (Case Study: Shopping Malls in Tehran)
In recent years, the construction of shopping malls is rising across the country. But only some of them were successful to accommodate a large number of visitors while the other ones are constantly changing the commercial units’ use. while the decline in demand for commercial units in form of multi-purpose complexes as well as the country recession have aroused this situation. Therefore, in this research proposed qualitative model for the shopping malls’ success is tested. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. The sample members were selected among the customers of five malls in Tehran, and the model dimensions and their relationships are tested based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate a significant impact of the variable of causal conditions on the process of achieving success model in shopping malls. Also, the study results indicate that the variables of intervening conditions and context conditions affect on the variable of strategies and related actions and this variable has impact on the variable of consequences.
https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_60206_0bf04d09e41b01ff77cf93c92ab65f3e.pdf
2017-03-01
259
282
10.22059/ijms.2017.60206
Marketing
model of success
shopping mall
Alireza
Bakhshizadeh
abakhshizadeh@ymail.com
1
Faculty of Management & Economic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Asadollah
Kordnaeij
naeij@modares.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Management & Economic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Hamid
Khodadad Hosseini
sab_339@yahoo.com
3
Faculty of Management & Economic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parviz
Ahmadi
ahmadi_p@modares.ac.ir
4
Faculty of Management & Economic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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