University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Management Studies 2008-7055 9 1 2016 01 01 Selecting the appropriate scenario for forecasting energy demands of residential and commercial sectors in Iran using two metaheuristic algorithms 101 123 55037 10.22059/ijms.2016.55037 EN Hesam Nazari Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Aliyeh Kazemi Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad-Hossein Hashemi Faculty of Power and Water (Shahid Abbaspour), Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2015 01 09 This study focuses on the forecasting of energy demands of residential and commercial sectors using linear and exponential functions. The coefficients were obtained from genetic and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. Totally, 72 different scenarios with various inputs were investigated. Consumption data in respect of residential and commercial sectors in Iran were collected from the annual reports of the central bank, Ministry of Energy and the Petroleum Ministry of Iran (2010). The data from 1967 to 2010 were considered for the case of this study. The available data were used partly to obtain the optimal, or near optimal values of the coefficient parameters (1967–2006) and for testing the models (2007–2010). Results show that the PSO energy demand estimation exponential model with inputs, including value addition of all economic sectors, value of constructed buildings, population, and price indices of electrical and fuel appliances using the mean absolute percentage error on tests data were 1.97%, was considered the most suitable model. Finally, basing on the best scenario, the energy demand of residential and commercial sectors is estimated at 1718 mega barrels of oil equivalent up to the year 2032. این مطالعه با استفاده از توابع خطی و نمایی و با ضرایب به‌دست آمده از الگوریتم‌های ژنتیکی و انبوه ذرات به پیش‌بینی تقاضای انرژی بخش خانگی– تجاری ایران پرداخته است. 72 سناریوی مختلف با ورودی‌های متفاوت بررسی شد. داده‌های مربوط به سال‌های 1346 تا 1389 برای توسعة مدل‌ها و انتخاب سناریوی مناسب استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که مدل نمایی تخمین‌زده شده با استفاده از الگوریتم انبوه ذرات با ورودی‌های ارزش‌افزودة کل منهای بخش نفت، ارزش ساختمان‌های ساخته شده، تعداد کل خانوار و شاخص قیمت مصرف انرژی و درصد میانگین قدرمطلق خطا 97/1% بهترین مدل بوده است که براساس بهترین سناریو، انرژی بخش خانگی- تجاری ایران 1718 میلیون بشکه نفت خام تا سال 1410 پیش‌بینی شده است. https://ijms.ut.ac.ir/article_55037_b9b706ddba237912a936f5c6ac0f3084.pdf