Ali, S. H. (2021). The moderating effect of ethical leadership between psychological ownership of knowledge and knowledge hiding: An empirical study on the public universities in Northern Iraq. Revista Argentina de ClínicaPsicológica, 30(2), 178. https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.401
Arain, G. A., Bhatti, Z. A., Ashraf, N., & Fang, Y. H. (2020). Top-down knowledge hiding in organizations: An empirical study of the consequences of supervisor knowledge hiding among local and foreign workers in the Middle East. Journal of Business Ethics, 164(3), 611-625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4056-2
Bari, M. W., Shahzadi, I., & Sheikh, M. F. (2023). Management strategies to mitigate knowledge hiding behaviours: Symmetric and asymmetric analyses. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 22(2), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2023.2178344
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.
Brown, M., & Cregan, C. (2008). Organizational change cynicism: The role of employee involvement. Human Resource Management, 47(4), 667-686. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20239
Bueno, S., & Salmeron, J. L. (2009). Benchmarking main activation functions in fuzzy cognitive maps. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), 5221–5229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.06.072
Chacón-Henao, J., & Arias-Pérez, J. (2025). Counteracting knowledge hiding among academics to foster creativity: Is organisational support the silver bullet or fools’ gold? Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-04-2023-0091
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
Davenport, L. J., Allisey, A. F., Page, K. M., LaMontagne, A. D., & Reavley, N. J. (2016). How can organisations help employees thrive? The development of guidelines for promoting positive mental health at work. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 9(4), 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-01-2016-0001
DeConinck, J. B. (2010). The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust. Journal of Business Research, 63(12), 1349-1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.01.003
Dodokh, A. (2020). Impact of human resources management practices on workplace knowledge-hiding behaviour. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 11(3), 298-324.
Ellmer, M., & Reichel, A. (2021). Mind the channel! An affordance perspective on how digital voice channels encourage or discourage employee voice. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(1), 259-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12297
Fixson, S. K., & Marion, T. J. (2012). Back‐loading: A potential side effect of employing digital design tools in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29, 140-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00959.x
Fullwood, R., Rowley, J., & Delbridge, R. (2013). Knowledge sharing amongst academics in UK universities. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(1), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271311300831
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level, multi-domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(2), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306437
Hamza, M. A., Rehman, S., Sarwar, A., & Choudhary, K. N. (2023). Is knowledge a tenement? The mediating role of team member exchange over the relationship of big five personality traits and knowledge-hiding behavior. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 53(1), 166-186. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-05-2020-0084
He, P., Jiang, C., Xu, Z., & Shen, C. (2021). Knowledge hiding: Current research status and future research directions. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 748237. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748237
Heidari Haratemeh, M. (2023). Organizational political decisions and innovation in interaction with knowledge hiding. Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems, 13(46), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.22054/jks.2023.74228.1583
Hickland, E., Cullinane, N., Dobbins, T., Dundon, T., & Donaghey, J. (2020). Employer silencing in a context of voice regulations: Case studies of non‐compliance. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(4), 537-552.
Hogg, M. A. (2016). Social identity theory. Springer International Publishing.
Huo, W., Cai, Z., Luo, J., Men, C., & Jia, R. (2016). Antecedents and intervention mechanisms: A multi-level study of R&D team’s knowledge hiding behavior. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(5), 880-897. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2015- 0451.
Imamoglu, S. Z., Ince, H., Turkcan, H., & Atakay, B. (2019). The effect of organizational justice and organizational commitment on knowledge sharing and firm performance. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 899-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.129
Islam, T., & Chaudhary, A. (2024). Impact of workplace bullying on knowledge hiding: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and moderating role of workplace friendship. Kybernetes, 53(1), 238-255. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-06-2022-0842
Jasimuddin, S. M., & Saci, F. (2022). Organizational culture and knowledge hiding: A systematic literature review. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 20(3), 312-329. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850989
Jotabá, M. N., Fernandes, C. I., Gunkel, M., & Kraus, S. (2022). Innovation and human resource management: A systematic literature review. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2021-0330
Karabatak, S., Alanoglu, M., & Polat, E. (2024, April). Investigation of teachers' knowledge management and knowledge hiding behaviors. In 2024 12th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISDFS60797.2024.10527298
Kassa, E. T., & Ning, J. (2023). A systematic review on the roles of knowledge management in public sectors: Synthesis and way forwards. Heliyon, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22293
Khalid, K., & Aftab, S. (2024). Exploitative leadership and vertical knowledge withholding: Examining multiple mediational effects. SAGE Open, 14(2), 21582440241238615. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241238615
Kılınç, S. (2025). The impact of organizational justice on knowledge-sharing intentions: A cross-sectoral analysis. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 19(2), 101-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.10.001
Kosko, B. (1986). Fuzzy cognitive maps. International journal of man-machine studies, 24(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(86)80040-2
Kuzel, A. J. (1992). Sampling in qualitative inquiry. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (pp. 31-44). Sage.
Kwahk, K. Y., & Park, D. H. (2016). The effects of network sharing on knowledge-sharing activities and job performance in enterprise social media environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 826-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.044
Laihonen, H., & Kokko, P. (2023). Knowledge management and hybridity of institutional logics in public sector. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 21(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1788429
Mahmood, H., Rehman, A. U., Sabir, I., Rauf, A., Afthanorhan, A., & Nawal, A. (2023). Does organizational justice facet matters in knowledge hiding? Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18372
Mahmood, N., & Toker, A. (2022). Impact of emotional intelligence on knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding behavior. Eurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 2(4), 8-29. https://doi.org/10.23918/ejmss.V2i4p8
McBeath, A., & Bager-Charleson, S. (2020). Introduction: Considering qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research. Enjoying Research in Counselling and Psychotherapy: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Research, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55127-8_1
Nakayama, V. K., & Armstrong, D. J. (Eds.). (2005). Causal mapping for research in information technology. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-396-8
Nazari, K., & Akbari, P. (2022). Meta-analysis of knowledge concealment antecedents in organizations. Management and Educational Perspective, 3(4), 103-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/ JMEP.2022.329604.1100
Nguyen, T. M., Malik, A., & Budhwar, P. (2022). Knowledge hiding in organizational crisis: The moderating role of leadership. Journal of Business Research, 139, 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.026
Offergelt, F., &Venz, L. (2023). The joint effects of supervisor knowledge hiding, abusive supervision, and employee political skill on employee knowledge hiding behaviors. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(5), 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2021-0655
Oubrich, M., Hakmaoui, A., Benhayoun, L., Söilen, K. S., & Abdulkader, B. (2021). Impacts of leadership style, organizational design and HRM practices on knowledge hiding: The indirect roles of organizational justice and competitive work environment. Journal of Business Research, 137, 488-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.045
Panopto. (2018). Panopto workplace knowledge and productivity report. https://www.panopto.com/resource/valuing-workplace-knowledge/
Papakostas, G. A., Boutalis, Y. S., Koulouriotis, D. E., & Mertzios, B. G. (2008). Fuzzy cognitive maps for pattern recognition applications. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 22(08), 1461-1486. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218001408006910
Papageorgiou, E. I., Stylios, C., & Groumpos, P. P. (2006). Unsupervised learning techniques for fine-tuning fuzzy cognitive map causal links. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(8), 727-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.02.009
Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298-310. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2001.4378028
Samdani, Hina, Ali, Bakhtiar, & Kamal, Nida (2019). Knowledge hiding and creativity in higher education institutes: Understanding the contingent role of perceived supervisory support. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(IV), 341–349. https://doi.org/ 10.31703/gssr10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV)10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).44
Sepahvand, R., Taghipour, S. & Momeni Mofard, M. (2021). Monopoly and work environment deviations: Analysis of the mediating role of knowledge concealment with emphasis on the moderating role of teamwork motivation. Management and Development Process, 34(2), 151-173.
Shamir, B. (1995). Social distance and charisma: Theoretical notes and an exploratory study. Leadership Quarterly, 6(1), 19-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90003-9
Singh, S. K., Mazzucchelli, A., Vessal, S. R., & Solidoro, A. (2021). Knowledge-based HRM practices and innovation performance: Role of social capital and knowledge sharing. Journal of International Management, 27(1), 100830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100830
Stylios, C. D., & Groumpos, P. P. (2004). Modeling complex systems using fuzzy cognitive maps. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, 34(1), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2003.818878
Sukumaran, R., & Lanke, P. (2021). “Un-hiding” knowledge in organizations: The role of climate for innovation, social exchange and social identification. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 35(1), 7-9. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-08-2019-0185
Taheri, F., & Fazeli, M. (2023). Exploring the factors affecting workplace ostracism in the framework of the three-pronged model. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 32(108), 45-76. https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2022.68468.4164
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 33-47.
Teixeira, L. M., Oliveira, M. C., & Goulart, S. P. (2024). Organizational structure and knowledge hiding: The moderating role of workplace climate. Journal of Business Research, 132(5), 488-503.
Tokyzhanova, T., & Durst, S. (2023). Seeing knowledge hiding through a multi-level lens. Prometheus, 39(4), 233-264. https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.39.4.0233
Von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. George Braziller.
Wang, X., & Dong, B. (2022). Emotional intelligence and knowledge hiding behaviors: The mediating role of job stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 845782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845782
Wang, L., Liu, Q., Dong, S., & Soares, C. G. (2019). Effectiveness assessment of ship navigation safety countermeasures using fuzzy cognitive maps. Safety Science, 117, 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.027
Wee, Y. Y., Cheah, W. P., Tan, S. C., & Wee, K. (2014). A method for root cause analysis with a Bayesian belief network and fuzzy cognitive map. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.06.037
Wen, J., & Ma, R. (2021). Antecedents of knowledge hiding and their impact on organizational performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 796976. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.796976. eCollection 2021
Wuryanti, W., & Setiawan, I. (2017). A model for improving human resource performance in the context of knowledge donating. JDM (Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen), 8(2), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v8i2.12761
Zaim, H., Keceli, Y., Jaradat, A., & Kastrati, S. (2018). The effects of knowledge management processes on human resource management: Mediating role of knowledge utilization. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 9(3), 310-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-02-2018-0011
Zutshi, A., Creed, A., Bhattacharya, A., Bavik, A., Sohal, A., & Bavik, Y. L. (2021). Demystifying knowledge hiding in academic roles in higher education. Journal of Business Research, 137, 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.030
