This article presents a systematic literature review of organizational resilience in business and management studies, with the aim of clarifying its conceptualization and operationalization at the organizational level. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2023 were analyzed using NVivo 14. The review reveals significant conceptual fragmentation: resilience is conceptualized either as an outcome, a capacity, or a dynamic process, yet the literature still lacks a unified definition and a standardized measurement approach.

This ambiguity hinders theoretical development and empirical comparability. Nevertheless, thematic overlaps allow for a more integrative understanding. The study proposes an integrative definition of organizational resilience that combines the three dominant perspectives and introduces an innovative assessment framework based on robustness, recovery capacity, and antifragility, while also considering the organization’s overall level of resilience. This structured, multidimensional model improves the clarity and consistency of resilience assessment. Overall, the article contributes to the advancement of the field by reducing conceptual ambiguity and offering practical tools for empirical research, particularly in crisis-prone or resource-constrained environments.