Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies

Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies

Exploring Silence and Expression: A Comparative Study by Gender, Income, and Age through the Lens of Emotional Intelligence

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
1 Department of Management Science, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Examination Branch, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
3 Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
4 Department of Computer Science, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Guinea
10.22059/ijms.2026.404317.678146
Abstract
In today’s fast fast-paced organizational world, employee silence is more common than we realize, and it carries serious consequences. When employees withhold ideas, concerns, or feedback, it can quietly undermine growth, decision-making, and trust. Emotional intelligence is frequently linked with positive behaviors and openness in communication; however, some recent studies suggested that emotionally intelligent employees may also choose to remain silent under certain conditions, creating an unresolved contradiction that needs a solution. To address this silence barrier, it’s crucial to understand not just what causes silence, but how different individuals experience it. This study explores how emotional intelligence influences employee silence, and to nullify the assumption of uniform effects, it specifically focuses on the group differences of age, gender, and income in the relationship. The results showed a significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and employee silence, as well as notable differences in silence behaviors across different demographic groups. This study offers a novel contribution to the employee silence literature by highlighting the paradoxical role of emotional intelligence and focusing on group differences in a high power-distance healthcare context. By uncovering these patterns, the study provides new insights into how organizations can better tailor communication strategies and emotional intelligence training to a diverse workforce.
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 18 October 2026