Comparative Analysis of Residents’ Attitudes Toward Sustainable Tourism Development Using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Technique

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Tourism, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

2 Department of Tourism Guidance, Faculty of Tourism, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Turkey

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to comparatively examine the factors that affect the attitudes of different resident groups (local and foreign) toward sustainable tourism development. In the study, the cause and effect relationship between contextual factors that affect residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism development have been analyzed using a multi-criteria decision-making technique for the first time. Moreover, the sub-criteria specifying the environmental, social, economic, and cultural impacts of sustainable tourism were analyzed with the DEMATEL technique. According to the study results, while seasonality was the most affecting factor for the locals, the environmental benefit was the most affecting factor for foreign residents. The factors most affected for the locals were environmental, cultural, and social benefits, and the most affected factors for foreign residents were cultural and social benefits. The results of the study provide important insights for destination planners.

Keywords

Main Subjects


AKTOB. (2019, April 8). Antalya Yabancı Ziyaretçi Sayısında İlk 3 Ayda % 25 Artış Gösterdi [A1] [A2] https://aktob.org.tr/news/antalya-yabanci-ziyaretci-sayisinda-ilk-3-ayda-25-artis-gosterdi/http://www.antalyahavalimani.gov.tr/tr/govdb/tr/istatistik/2019%20Yili%20Yolcu%20ve%20Ucak%20Sayilari.pdf
Almeida-García, F., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., Balbuena-Vázquez, A., & Cortés-Macias, R. (2016). Residents' perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tourism Management54, 259-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.007
Alptekin, G. I., & Büyüközkan, G. (2011). An integrated case-based reasoning and MCDM system for Web based tourism destination planning. Expert Systems with Applications38(3), 2125-2132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.153
Al Rwajfah, M. M. (2020). Residents' perspertive of tourism development; The case of Petra, Jordan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Malaga.
Andereck, K. L., & Nyaupane, G. P. (2011). Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. Journal of Travel research50(3), 248-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510362918
Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Vogt, C. A., & Knopf, R. C. (2007). A cross-cultural analysis of tourism and quality of life perceptions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism15(5), 483-502. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost612.0
Andereck, K. L., & Vogt, C. A. (2000). The relationship between residents' attitudes toward tourism and tourism development options. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900104.
Andriotis, K., & Vaughan, R. D. (2003), Urban Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: The case of Crete. Journal of Travel Research, 42(2), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287503257488.
Ap, J. (1990). Residents' perceptions research on the social impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(4), 610-616.
Ap, J., & Crompton, J. L. (1993). Residents' strategies for responding to tourism impacts. Journal of travel research32(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759303200108
Ayazlar, R. A., & Ayazlar, G. (2016). Residents' tourism support behaviour: The role of sustainable tourism attitude. Enlightening Tourism: A Pathmaking Journal, 6(2), 124-149. Retrieved from, http://hdl.handle.net/10272/12982"  
Ayık, O. (2019[A3] [A4] , June 11). Antalya Turizmi Yılın Geneline Yaymak İçin Mevsimselliği Kırmak Lazım. Haberler.https://www.haberler.com/antalya-turizmi-yilin-geneline-yaymak-icin-12132522-haberi/ .
Bahaee, M., Pisani, M. J., & Shavakh, F. (2014). Residents’ attitudes toward international tourism: A case of Iran. Journal of Tourism and Recreation, 1(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.12735/jotr.v1i2p01.
Besculides, A., Lee, M. E., & McCormic, P. J. (2002). Residents' perceptions of the cultural benefits of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 3003–3319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00066-4.
Bimonte, S., & Faralla, V. (2016). Does residents' perceived life satisfaction vary with tourist season? A two-step survey in a Mediterranean destination. Tourism Management55, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.011
Bramwell, B. (2010). Participative planning and governance for sustainable tourism. Tourism Recreation Research35(3), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2010.11081640
Brunt, P., & Courtney, P. (1999). Host perceptions of socio-cultural impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00003-1.
Butler, R. (1998). Seasonality in tourism: Issues and implications. The Tourist Review, 53(3), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058278.
Butler, R.W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x.
Butler, R. W. (2001). Seasonality in tourism: Issues and implications. In T. Baum & S. Lundtorp (Eds.), Seasonality in Tourism (pp. 5-21). Routledge.
Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575-594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903524852.
Choi, H.-S. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents' attitude towards sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 43(4), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287505274651.
Chuang, H. M., Lin, C. K., Chen, D. R., & Chen, Y. S. (2013). Evolving MCDM applications using hybrid expert-based ISM and DEMATEL models: An example of sustainable ecotourism. The Scientific World Journal2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/751728
Çızel, R. B., Çızel, B., Sarvan, F., & Özdemır, B. (2013). Emergence and spread of an all-inclusive system in the Turkish Tourism Sector and Strategic Responses of Accommodation Firms. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration14(4), 305-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2013.838083
Commons, J., & Page, S. (2001). Mana seasonality in peripheral tourism regions: The case of Northland, New Zealand. In T. Baum, & S. Lundtorp (Eds.), Seasonality in Tourism (pp. 153–172). Pergamon.
Çınar, Y. (2013). Kariyer tercihi probleminin yapısal bir modeli ve riske karşı tutumlar: Olasılıklı DEMATEL yöntemi temelli bütünleşik bir yaklaşım. Sosyoekonomi, 19(19), 157-185. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sosyoekonomi/issue/21079/226949.
Demirović, D., Radovanović, M., Petrović, M. D., Cimbaljević, M., Vuksanović, N., & Vuković, D. B. (2018). Environmental and community stability of a mountain destination: An analysis of residents’ perception. Sustainability10(1), 70-86. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010070
Dey, S., Kumar, A., Ray, A., & Pradhan, B. B. (2012). Supplier selection: Integrated theory using DEMATEL and quality function deployment methodology. Procedia Engineering, 38, 3560-3565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.411.
Doxey, G. V. (1975), A causation theory of visitor-resident irritants: Methodology and research inferences. In[A5] [A6]  (Eds.), Travel and Tourism Research Associations sixth annual conference proceeding (pp. 195-198). San Diego, CA: Travel and Tourism Research Associations.
Duran, E., & Özkul, E. (2012). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: A structural model via Akcakoca sample. Journal of Human Sciences9(2), 500-520. https://j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/2293
Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., & Scott, N. (2009). Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future. Tourism Management, 30(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.002.
Eusébio, C., Vieira, A. L., & Lima, S. (2018). Place attachment, host–tourist interactions, and residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: The case of Boa Vista Island in Cape Verde. Journal of Sustainable Tourism26(6), 890-909. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1425695
Gabus, A., & Fontela, E. (1972). World problems, an invitation to further thought within the framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Center, Geneva, Switzerland, 1-8.
Goulding, P. J., Baum, T. G., & Morrison, A. J. (2005). Seasonal trading and lifestyle motivation: Experiences of small tourism businesses in Scotland. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism5(2-4), 209-238. https://doi.org/10.1300/J162v05n02_11
Griffiths, I., & Sharpley, R. (2012). Influences of nationalism on tourist-host relationships. Annals of Tourism Research39(4), 2051-2072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.002
Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., & Dyer, P. (2010). Locals’ attitudes toward mass and alternative Tourism: The case of sunshine coast, Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509346853.
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: a structural modelling Approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 79-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00028-7.
Gursoy, D., Ouyang, Z., Nunkoo, R., & Wei, W. (2019). Residents’ impact perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development: A meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management28(3), 306-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1516589
Haralambopoulos, N., & Pizam, A. (1996). Perceived impacts of tourism: The case of samos. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 503-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00075-5.
Harrill, R. (2004). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: A literature review with implications for tourism planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 18(3), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412203260306.
Harrison, D. (1992), Tourism to Less Developed Countries: The Social Consequences in Tourism and the Less Developed Countries. Belhaven Press.
Hatipoglu, B., Alvarez, M. D., & Ertuna, B. (2016). Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: The case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production111, 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.059
Jankowski, P. (1995). Integrating geographical information systems and multiple criteria decision-making methods. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(3), 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799508902036.
Jayawardena, C., Patterson, D. J., Choi, C., & Brain, R. (2008). Sustainable tourism development in Niagara: Discussions, theories, projects and insights. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(3), 258-277. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110810866082.
Karaoğlan, S., & Şahin, S. (2016). DEMATEL ve AHP Yöntemleri ile İşletmelerin Satın Alma Problemine Bütünleşik Bir Yaklaşım, DSLR Kamera Örneği. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 359-375. Retrieved from   https://isarder.org/2016/vol.8_issue.2_article018_abstract.pdf
Kişi, N. (2019). A strategic approach to sustainable tourism development using the A’WOT hybrid method: A case study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability11(4), 964-983. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040964
Krakover, S. (2000). Partitioning seasonal employment in the hospitality industry. Tourism Management21(5), 461-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00101-6
Krippendorf, J. (1987). Ecological approach to tourism marketing. Tourism Management8(2), 174-176.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90029-X
Lee, Y. C., Yen, T. M., & Tsai, C. H. (2008). Using importance-performance analysis and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory to enhance order-winner criteria-a study of computer industry. Information Technology Journal, 7(3), 396-408. https://doi.org/10.3923/itj.2008.396.408.
Lepp, A. (2007). Residents’ attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi village, Uganda. Tourism Management28(3), 876-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.03.004
Lin, C. L. (2020). Establishing environment sustentation strategies for urban and rural/town tourism based on a hybrid MCDM approach. Current Issues in Tourism23(19), 2360-2395. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1642308
Lin, C. W., Chen, S. H., & Tzeng, G. H. (2009). Constructing a cognition map of alternative fuel vehicles using the DEMATEL method. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 16(1‐2), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/mcda.438.
Liou, J. J., Tzeng, G. H., & Chang, H. C. (2007). Airline safety measurement using a hybrid model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 13(4), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2007.04.008.
Liu, C. H., Tzeng, G. H., Lee, M. H., & Lee, P. Y. (2013). Improving metro–airport connection service for tourism development: Using hybrid MCDM models. Tourism Management Perspectives6, 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2012.09.004
Michalena, E., Hills, J., & Amat, J. P. (2009). Developing sustainable tourism, using a multicriteria analysis on renewable energy in Mediterranean Islands. Energy for Sustainable Development13(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.06.001
Moutinho, L., & Witt, S. F. (1995). Forecasting the tourism environment using a consensus approach. Journal of Travel Research33(4), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759503300407
Nikjoo, A., & Bakhshi, H. (2019). The presence of tourists and residents in shared travel photos. Tourism Management70, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.08.005
Nilashi, M., Zakaria, R., Ibrahim, O., Majid, M. Z. A., Zin, R. M., & Farahmand, M. (2015). MCPCM: a DEMATEL-ANP-based multi-criteria decision-making approach to evaluate the critical success factors in construction projects. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(2), 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1529-1.
Nowacki, M., Kowalczyk-Anioł, J., Królikowska, K., Pstrocka-Rak, M., & Awedyk, M. (2018). Strategic planning for sustainable tourism development in Poland. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology25(6), 562-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2018.1432513
Nunkoo, R., & Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents’ support for tourism: An identity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 243-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.006.
Nunkoo, R., Smith, S. L., & Ramkissoon, H. (2013). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: A longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010. Journal of Sustainable Tourism21(1), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.673621
Ozturk, A. B., Ozer, O., & Çaliskan, U. (2015). The relationship between local residents’ perceptions of tourism and their happiness: A case of Kusadasi, Turkey. Tourism Review, 70(3), 232-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2014-0053
Oren, U., Woodcock, D. G., & Var, T. (2001). Sustainable tourism development: A case of Cumalikizik, Turkey. Tourism Analysis6(3-4), 253-257. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354201108749881
Pearce, P. L. (1998). The relationship between resident and tourists: The research literature and management directions. In W. F. Theobald (ed.) Global tourism (pp. 129–149). Butterworth-Heinemman.
Rasoolimanesh, M., Jaafar, M., Kock, N., & Ramayah, T. (2015). A revised framework of social exchange theory to investigate the factors influencing residents' perceptions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 335-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.10.001.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ringle, C. M., Jaafar, M., & Ramayah, T. (2017). Urban vs. rural destinations: Residents’ perceptions, community participation and support for tourism development. Tourism Management60, 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771111137769
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Roldán, J. L., Jaafar, M., & Ramayah, T. (2017). Factors influencing residents’ perceptions toward tourism development: Differences across rural and urban World heritage sites. Journal of Travel Research, 56(6), 760-775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516662354.
Riengchantr, A. (2018). Island tourism and sustainable development in Thailand: Case study of Koh Pha-Ngan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). John Moores University.
Ruhanen, L. (2008). Progressing the sustainability debate: A knowledge management approach to sustainable tourism planning. Current Issues in Tourism11(5), 429-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500802316030
Sharpley, R. (1994). Tourism, tourists and society. ELM Publications.
Sharpley, R. (2014). Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research. Tourism Management42, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.10.007
Séraphin, H., Platania, M., Spencer, P., & Modica, G. (2018). Events and tourism development within a local community: The case of winchester (UK). Sustainability10(10), 3728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103728
Si, S. L., You, X. Y., Liu, H. C., & Zhang, P. (2018). DEMATEL technique: A systematic review of the state-of-the-art literature on methodologies and applications. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3696457
Simão, J., & Môsso, A. (2013). Residents' perceptions towards tourism development: The case of Sal Island. International Journal of Development Issues, 12(2), 140-157. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-12-2012-0076
Sinclair-Maragh, G., Gursoy, D., & Vieregge, M. (2015). Residents׳ perceptions toward tourism development: A factor-cluster approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.10.001.
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., & Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents' support for tourism development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism Management, 45, 260-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.05.006.
Talebi, M., Majnounian, B., Makhdoum, M., Abdi, E., Omid, M., Marchi, E., & Laschi, A. (2019). A GIS-MCDM-based road network planning for tourism development and management in Arasbaran forest, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment191(11), 647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7831-3
Telfer, D. J., & Sharpley, R. S. (2008). Tourism and development in the development in the USA and Canada. Routledge.
Tomic, R., Gajic, T., & Bugar, D. (2012). Tourism as a basis for development of the economy of Serbia. UTMS Journal of Economics, 3(1), 21–31. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/105308.
Tosun, C. (1999). Towards a typology of community participation in the tourism development process. Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(2), 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.1999.9686975.
Tosun, C. (2001). Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: The case of Turkey. Tourism management22(3), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00060-1
Tovar, C., & Lockwood, M. (2008). Social impacts of tourism: An Australian regional case study. International Journal of Tourism Research10(4), 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.667
TUIK. (2019). Retrieved December 2019 from TUİK: http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1072 
Tzeng, G. H., Chiang, C. H., & Li, C. W. (2007). Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 1028-1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.004.
Vargas-Sánchez, A., Porras-Bueno, N., & de los Ángeles Plaza-Mejía, M. (2014). Residents’ attitude to tourism and seasonality. Journal of Travel Research53(5), 581-596.https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513506295.
Wang, Y., & Pfister, R. E. (2008). Residents' attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507312402.
White V., M. G. (2006). Indicators and Sustainable Tourism: Literature Review. The Macaulay Institute.
Whitford, M. M., & Ruhanen, L. M. (2010). Australian indigenous tourism policy: Practical and sustainable policies? Journal of Sustainable Tourism18(4), 475-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003602325
Woosnam, K. M. (2012). Using emotional solidarity to explain residents’ attitudes about tourism and tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 51(3), 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511410351.
World Tourism Organization. (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations- A guidebook. World Tourism Organization.
Wu, W. W. (2008). Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(3), 828-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.07.025.
Wu, W. W., & Lee, Y. T. (2007). Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(2), 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.12.005.
Yağcı, E. (2019[A7] [A8] , April 25). Antalya 20 milyon turist için mevsimsellik sorununu aşması gerekiyor. Tourismtoday. https://www.tourismtoday.net/dr-erkan-yagci-antalya-20-milyon-turist-icin-mevsimsellik-sorununu-asmasi-gerekiyor-55662h 
Yılmaz, Y., Özdemir, B., Çizel, B., Helhel, Y., & Çalışkan, O. (2012). Antalya İli Turizm Endüstrisinin Kümelenme, Rekabetçilik ve Strateji Ön Çalışması. POYD.
Yoon, Y., Gursoy, D., & Chen, J. S. (2001). Validating a tourism development theory with structure equation modeling. Tourism Management, 22(4), 363-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00062-5.
 [A1]Title of the document.
 [A2]Website name and title has been updated.
 [A3]Year, month day of online publication (if available)
 [A4]Year, month day format edited for this reference.
 [A5]Names of editors
 [A6]This reference is a conference document. It has been rearranged because the editor's information could not be reached.
 [A7]Year, month day (if available)
 [A8] [A8]Year, month day format edited for this reference.