Drivers Of Employee Resilience And Its Relationships With Work Engagement And Job Performance After The Covid-19 Pandemic

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Business Administration, University of Finance - Marketing, Ho Chi Minh. Vietnam

2 Faculty of Business Administration, University of Finance - Marketing, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

3 Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Finance - Marketing, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

Abstract

This study seeks to explore the underlying resources that promote employee resilience and the impact of resilience on work engagement and job performance within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical investigation employed the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. It was conducted with a sample comprising 255 employees actively engaged in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The results reveal the significant influence of self-efficacy, optimism, and support from various sources (superiors, colleagues, family, and friends) on employee resilience. Additionally, work engagement is a mediator in the relationship between employee resilience and job performance. These findings offer valuable insights for human resources managers in fostering a flexible work environment and providing essential support to enhance employee resilience, benefiting both the employees and the organization.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Albrech, S. L. (2011). Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research, and practice. Human Resource Management International Digest, 19(7).
Bakker, A. B., & Bal, P. M. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 189–206.
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2009). The crossover of daily work engagement: Test of an actor–partner interdependence model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1562–1571.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman
Barends, E., Wietrak, E., Cioca, I., & Rousseau, D. (2021). Employee resilience: an evidence review. Summary report. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
Baruch-Feldman, C., Brondolo, E., Ben-Dayan, D., & Schwartz, J. (2002). Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(1), 84–93.
Braun, T. J., Hayes, B. C., DeMuth, R. L. F., & Taran, O. A. (2017). The development, validation, and practical application of an employee agility and resilience measure to facilitate organizational change. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 703-723.
Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In Dunnette, M. D., & Hough, L. M. (1992). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Consulting Psychologists Press, 687-732.
Caniëls, M. C., & Baaten, S. M. (2019). How a learning-oriented organizational climate is linked to different proactive behaviors: The role of employee resilience. Social Indicators Research, 143, 561-577.
Cao, X., & Chen, L. (2019). Relationships among social support, empathy, resilience and work engagement in haemodialysis nurses. International Nursing Review, 66(3), 366-373.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2010). Optimism. Clinical psychology review, 30(7), 879-889.
Choudhary, N., Naqshbandi, M. M., Philip, P. J., & Kumar, R. (2017). Employee job performance: The interplay of leaders’ emotion management ability and employee perception of job characteristics. Journal of Management Development, 36(8), 1087-1098.
Cleary, M., Kornhaber, R., Thapa, D. K., West, S., & Visentin, D. (2018). The effectiveness of interventions to improve resilience among health professionals: A systematic review. Nurse education today, 71, 247-263.
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press.
Cooke, F. L., Cooper, B., Bartram, T., Wang, J., & Mei, H. (2016). Mapping the relationships between high-performance work systems, employee resilience and engagement: A study of the banking industry in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1–22.
Cooke, F. L., Wang, J., & Bartram, T. (2019). Can a supportive workplace impact employee resilience in a high pressure performance environment? An investigation of the Chinese banking industry. Applied Psychology, 68(4), 695-718.
Cooper, B., Wang, J., Bartram, T., & Cooke, F. L. (2019). Well-being oriented human resource management practices and employee performance in the Chinese banking sector: The role of social climate and resilience. Human Resource Management, 58(1), 85–97.
De Terte, I., Stephens, C., & Huddleston, L. (2014). The development of a three part model of psychological resilience. Stress and Health, 30(5), 416-424.
Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209–222.
Dyrbye, L. N., Power, D. V., Massie, F. S., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Thomas, M. R., ... & Shanafelt, T. D. (2010). Factors associated with resilience to and recovery from burnout: a prospective, multi‐institutional study of US medical students. Medical education, 44(10), 1016-1026.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39.
Gillespie, B. M., Chaboyer, W., Wallis, M., & Grimbeek, P. (2007). Resilience in the operating room: Developing and testing of a resilience model. Journal of advanced nursing, 59(4), 427-438.
Gorgievski, M. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Work engagement and workaholism: Comparing the self-employed and salaried employees. Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 83–96.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Sage publications.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Jain, S., Buka, S. L., Subramanian, S. V., & Molnar, B. E. (2012). Protective factors for youth exposed to violence: Role of developmental assets in building emotional resilience. Youth violence and juvenile justice, 10(1), 107-129.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Karasek, R., Brisson, C., Kawakami, N., Houtman, I., Bongers, P., & Amick, B. (1998). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): an instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics. Journal of occupational health psychology, 3(4), 322.
Kimhi, S., Eshel, Y., Leykin, D., & Lahad, M. (2017). Individual, community, and national resilience in peace time and in the face of terror: A longitudinal study. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 22(8), 698-713.
Kuntz, J. R., Näswall, K., & Malinen, S. (2016). Resilient employees in resilient organizations: Flourishing beyond adversity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 456-462.
Lee, A. V., Vargo, J., & Seville, E. (2013a). Developing a tool to measure and compare organizations’ resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 14(1), 29–41.
Lee, J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A. R., Kim, B., Lee, M. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2013b). Resilience: a meta‐analytic approach. Journal of counseling & development, 91(3), 269-279.
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human resource management review, 21(3), 243-255.
Li, M. H. (2008). Helping college students cope: Identifying predictors of active coping in different stressful situations. Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology and Mental Health, 2(1), 1-15.
Llorens, S., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W., & Salanova, M. (2006). Testing the robustness of the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(3), 378–391.
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, Social, and Now Positive Psychological Capital Management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143–160.
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2015). Psychological capital and beyond. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Mache, S., Vitzthum, K., Wanke, E., David, A., Klapp, B. F., & Danzer, G. (2014). Exploring the impact of resilience, self-efficacy, optimism and organizational resources on work engagement. Work, 47, 491–500.
Malik, P., & Garg, P. (2020). Learning organization and work engagement: The mediating role of employee resilience. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(8), 1071–1094.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach burnout inventory. Scarecrow Education.
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American psychologist, 56(3), 227–239
Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. G. J. (2002). Resilience in development. Handbook of positive psychology, 74, 88.
Näswall, K., Malinen, S., Kuntz, J., & Hodliffe, M. (2019). Employee resilience: Development and validation of a measure. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(5), 353–367.
Nguyen, T. D., & Nguyen, T. T. M. (2012). Psychological capital, quality of work life, and quality  of life of marketers: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Macromarketing, 32(1), 87-95.
Othman, N., Ghazali, Z., & Ahmad, S. A. (2013). Resilience and work engagement: A stitch to nursing care quality. Journal of Global Management, 6, 40–48
Park, Y., Lim, D. H., Kim, W., & Kang, H. (2020). Organizational support and adaptive performance: The revolving structural relationships between job crafting, work engagement, and adaptive performance. Sustainability, 12(12), 4872.
Paul, H., & Garg, P. (2012). Mutualistic perspective of individual resilience and organizational commitment: A path analysis model. International Journal of Management and Behavioural Sciences, 1(1), 107-119.
Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of research in Marketing, 26(4), 332-344.
Rich, B. L., LePine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635. 
Sarafino, E.P. (2006). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions (5th ed.). USA: Wiley
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3, 71-92.
Schreurs, B. H. J., Hetty van Emmerik, I., Günter, H., & Germeys, F. (2012). A weekly diary study on the buffering role of social support in the relationship between job insecurity and employee performance. Human Resource Management, 51(2), 259–280.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1998). Learned optimism. New York, NY: Pocket Books.
Simons, J. C., & Buitendach, J. H. (2013). Psychological capital, work engagement, and organisational commitment amongst call centre employees in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39, 1–12.
Stokes, P., Smith, S., Wall, T., Moore, N., Rowland, C., Ward, T., & Cronshaw, S. (2019). Resilience and the (micro-) dynamics of organizational ambidexterity: implications for strategic HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(8), 1287-1322.
Tonkin, K., Malinen, S., Näswall, K., & Kuntz, J. C. (2018). Building employee resilience through wellbeing in organizations. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 29(2), 107–124.
Waugh, C. E., Fredrickson, B. L., & Taylor, S. F. (2008). Adapting to life's slings and arrows: Individual differences in resilience when recovering from an anticipated threat. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(4), 1031–1046.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121–141.
Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies (Formerly known as Iranian Journal of Management Studies)
Volume 17, Issue 3
July 2024
Pages 717-730

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics