Cultural Changes and Willingness to Change in Indigenous People of Penglipuran Bali Tourism Village During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

2 Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract

As economic drivers (especially in rural communities), touristic villages have faced a very difficult situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sluggish tourism industry has greatly impacted the income of rural communities that depend on tourists who visit them. This study aims to understand and explore how the Penglipuran tourism village community survives amid the sluggish tourism industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unit of analysis in this study was the Penglipuran Bali tourism village community, which is included in the Top 100 World Sustainable Destinations. This case study used a qualitative approach to both data collection and data analysis. Observations and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain information. The study results found that the indigenous people of the Penglipuran tourism village are willing to change and are adaptive to cultural changes to use technology without eliminating traditional norms to survive in sluggish tourism. The habit can be seen in the activities of indigenous people who return to farming and raising livestock as well as utilizing social media and e-commerce in marketing tourism villages’ products, including local handicrafts.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Adi, G. N. (2017, July 27). Penglipuran: Cleanliness through conservation. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/07/27/penglipuran-cleanliness-through-conservation.html
Alam, M. K. (2021). A systematic qualitative case study: Questions, data collection, NVivo analysis and saturation. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 16(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/QROM-09-2019-1825
Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments : The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 414–435. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1774
Anacleto, C. A., Irion, C., & Paladini, E. P. (2014). Cultural change in telecommunications companies: A case study. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 5(3), 657–676. https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v5i3.177
Antonacopoulou, E. P. (2000). Employee development through self-development in three retail banks. Personnel Review, 29(4), 491–508. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480010296294
Azzura, S. N. (2021, August 4). Studi: Pekerja Gen X Hadapi Krisis Pengangguran Terbesar Akibat Pandemi [Study: Gen X Workers Facing the Biggest Unemployment Crisis Due to the Pandemic]. Merdeka. https://www.merdeka.com/uang/studi-pekerja-gen-x-hadapi-krisis-pengangguran-terbesar-akibat-pandemi.html?page=2
Barth, R. S. (2002). The culture builder. Educational Leadership, 59(8), 6–11.
Basmawi, N. A. H., & Usop, H. (2016). The impact of technological change as a mediator of employee competence profiling in selected industries in Kuching, Sarawak: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development, 1(2), 56–70. https://doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.198.2016
Carr, A. (2020). COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: A view from New Zealand. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
Chouhan, V. S., & Srivastava, S. (2014). Understanding competencies and competence modeling ― A literature survey. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(1), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-16111422
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R & D [Quantitative Research Methods, Qualitative, and R & D]. ALFABETA.
Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design choosing among five approaches. In Design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
Dayan, M., Zacca, R., Husain, Z., Di Benedetto, A., & Ryan, J. C. (2016). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation, willingness to change, and development culture on new product exploration in small enterprises. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 31(5), 668–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2015-0023
DeJoy, D. M. (2005). Behavior change versus culture change: Divergent approaches to managing workplace safety. Safety Science, 43(2), 105–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.02.001
De Vos, A., De Hauw, S., & Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2011). Competence development and career success: The mediating role of employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.010
Dong, M., & Deng, D. (2016). Effect of interns’ learning willingness on mentors’ knowledge-sharing behavior. Social Behavior and Personality, 44(2), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.2.221
DPMPTSP. (2021). Pekalongan Kota Kreatif Dunia [Pekalongan is the World's Creative City]. Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Pekalongan. https://oss.pekalongankota.go.id/index.php/id/kota-pekalongan/sekilas-kota-pekalongan/pekalongan-kota-kreatif-dunia
Dysvik, A., & Kuvaas, B. (2008). The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(3), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2008.33717566
Eilers, A. M., & Camacho, A. (2007). School culture change in the making leadership: Leadership factors that matter. Urban Education, 42(6), 616–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085907304906
El Asame, M., & Wakrim, M. (2018). Towards a competence model: A review of the literature and the competence standards. Education and Information Technologies, 23(1), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9596-z
Harris, L. C., & Ogbonna, E. (1998). Employee responses to culture change efforts. Human Resource Management Journal, 8(2), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.1998.tb00168.x
Harris, L. C., & Ogbonna, E. (2000). The responses of front‐line employees to market‐oriented culture change. European Journal of Marketing, 34(3/4), 318–340.
Hutchison, B., Movono, A., & Scheyvens, R. (2021). Resetting tourism post-COVID-19: Why Indigenous Peoples must be central to the conversation. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1905343
Idrus, M., & Priyono. (2014). Penelitian Kualitatif Di Manajemen & Bisnis [Qualitative Research In Management & Business]. Zifatama.
Jones, T. W. (1995). Performance management in a changing context: Monsanto pioneers a competence‐based, developmental approach. Human Resource Management, 34(3), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930340306
Kezar, A., & Eckel, P. D. (2002). The effect of institutional culture on change strategies in higher education: Universal principles or culturally responsive concepts? Journal of Higher Education, 73(4), 435–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2002.11777159
Komarudin. (2021, June 6). Cerita Akhir Pekan: Belajar dari Desa Wisata Berkelanjutan Nglanggeran dan Penglipuran [Weekend Stories: Learning from the Nglanggeran and Penglipuran Sustainable Tourism Villages]. Liputan 6.        https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4574248/cerita-akhir-pekan-belajar-dari-desa-wisata-berkelanjutan-nglanggeran-dan-penglipuran
Kostis, P. C., Kafka, K. I., & Petrakis, P. E. (2018). Cultural change and innovation performance. Journal of Business Research, 88(7), 306–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.010
Kurniadi, B. D. (2011). Praktek Penelitian Kualitatif: Pengalaman dari UGM [Qualitative Research Practices: Experience from UGM]. Research Centre for Politics and Government.
Martini, I. A. O., Rahyuda, I. K., Sintaasih, D. K., & Piartrini, P. S. (2018). The influence of competence on employee performance through organizational commitment dimension. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 20(2), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2002082937
Meyerson, D., & Martin, J. (1987). Cultural change: An integration of three different views. Journal of Management Studies, 24(6), 624–647.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375091
Nagesh, P., Kulenur, S., & Jagadeesh, K. (2017). Employee competence mapping. SDMIMD Journal of Management, 8(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2017/18058
Napshin, S. A., & De Carolis, D. M. (2011). The ability to change or the willingness to change: Stakeholder interpretation of adversity. Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets, 3(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.7885/1946-651x.1036
Njie, B., & Asimiran, S. (2014). Case study as a choice in qualitative methodology. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME), 4(3), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-04313540
Ostroff, C., & Clark, M. A. (2001). Maintaining an internal market: Antecedents of willingness to change jobs. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 425–453. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1801
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2013). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Rainsbury, E., Hodges, D., Burchell, N., & Lay, M. (2002). Ranking workplace competencies: Student and graduate perceptions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 3(2), 8–18.
Ramadhan, D. N. S. (2021, July 16). Perempuan di Bali bertahan di tengah pandemi COVID-19 [Women in Bali are surviving amid the COVID-19 pandemic]. Antaranews. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2271322/perempuan-di-bali-bertahan-di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19
Ratten, V. (2020). Coronavirus (Covid-19) and entrepreneurship: Cultural, lifestyle and societal changes. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(4), 747–761. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-06-2020-0163
Rosidin, I. (2020, October 17). Desa Wisata Penglipuran Bali Buka Lagi Setelah 8 Bulan Tutup [Penglipuran Bali Tourism Village Opens Again After 8 Months Closed]. Kompas. https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/10/16/213100727/desa-wisata-penglipuran-bali-buka-lagi-setelah-8-bulan-tutup
Selviany, D. (2020, November 9). Pandemi Covid-19 Berdampak pada Ekonomi Kreatif Warga Desa Penglipuran Bali [The Covid-19 Pandemic Has Impacted the Creative Economy of Penglipuran Villagers in Bali]. Wartakota. https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2020/11/09/pandemi-covid-19-berdampak-pada-ekonomi-kreatif-warga-desa-penglipuran-bali?page=2
Sengupta, A., Venkatesh, D. N., & Sinha, A. K. (2013). Developing performance-linked competence model: A tool for competitive advantage. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21(4), 504–527.
Shier, V., Khodyakov, D., Cohen, L. W., Zimmerman, S., & Saliba, D. (2014). What does the evidence really say about culture change in nursing homes? Gerontologist, 54(S1), S6–S16. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt147
Smollan, R. K., & Sayers, J. G. (2009). Organizational culture, change and emotions: A qualitative study. Journal of Change Management, 9(4), 435–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697010903360632
Steijn, B., & Tijdens, K. (2005). Workers and their willingness to learn: Will ICT-implementation strategies and HRM practices contribute to innovation? Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8691.2005.00335.x
Stoffers J., & Mordant-Dols A. (2015). Transformational leadership and professionals’ willingness to change: A multiple case study in project management organisations. Human Resource Management Research, 5(2), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.hrmr.20150502.03
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R & D [Quantitative Research Methods, Qualitative, and R & D]. ALFABETA.
Tajeddini, K., Ratten, V., & Denisa, M. (2017). Female tourism entrepreneurs in Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31(1), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.10.004
Tajeddini, K., Walle, A. H., & Denisa, M. (2017). Enterprising women, tourism, and development: The case of Bali. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 18(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2016.1264906
Vakola, M., Soderquist, K. E., & Prastacos, G. P. (2007). Competence management in support of organisational change. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4), 260–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720710755245
Vorina, A., Simonič, M., & Vlasova, M. (2017). An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and employee engagement. Economic Themes, 55(2), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2017-0014
Wilkins, A. L., & Dyer, W. G. (1988). Toward culturally sensitive theories of culture change. Academy of Management Review, 13(4), 522–533.  https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4307391
Zeid, H. A., Assadi, N., & Murad, T. (2017). The effect of junior high school teachers’ motivation and willingness to change on the diversity of their teaching methods. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 7(12), 1160-1170. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0712.02
 
Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies
Volume 16, Issue 2
April 2023
Pages 323-335

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics