The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Identity on Employees’ Green Behavior With the Mediating Role of Well-being

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Sport Management, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

2 Department of Tourism, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

3 Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the effect of transformational leadership and organizational identity on the green behavior of physical education teachers with the mediating role of well-being. A quantitative approach employing 176 respondents was applied and data were collected in West Azerbaijan, Iran. The results showed that transformational leadership and organizational identity positively affect physical education teachers’ well-being and their green behaviors. The findings further revealed that well-being does not influence green behavior and has no mediating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational identity with green behavior.  The findings suggest that transformational leadership can be used as a medium to motivate employees to adapt green environmental behaviors. The study offers both practical and theoretical implications.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Adriana, L. T. D., Fahira, K. T., Nailissa’adah, M., & El Maula, H. (2020). A review the important of green human resource management practices toward employee green behaviour in organization. Journal of International Conference Proceedings (JICP), 3(1), 124–135; https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v2i4.787
Afsar, B., Shahjehan, A., & Shah, I. (2018). Leadership and employee pro-environmental behaviours. In Research Handbook on Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviour (pp. 185-209). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Ahmed, M., Zehou, S., Raza, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2020). Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: The mediating effect of employee well‐being. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(5), 2225–2239.
Arnold, K. A., & Connelly, C. E. (2013). Transformational leadership and psychological well‐being: Effects on followers and leaders. The WileyBlackwell handbook of the psychology of leadership, change, and organizational development, 175-194.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology press.
Becker, L., Coussement, K., Büttgen, M., & Weber, E. (2022). Leadership in innovation communities: The impact of transformational leadership language on member participation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 39(3), 371–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12588
Besharov, M. L. (2014). The relational ecology of identification: How organizational identification emerges when individuals hold divergent values. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1485–1512.
binti Mosbiran, N. F. (2021). Elements of welfare in job satisfaction of special education teachers In Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(11), 5264–5268.
Bono, J. E., & Ilies, R. (2006). Charisma, positive emotions and mood contagion. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), 317–334.
Boyd, N. M., & Nowell, B. (2020). Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and public service motivation: a simultaneous test of affective states on employee well-being and engagement in a public service work context. Public Management Review, 22(7), 1024–1050.
Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64–75.
Cai, W., Yang, C., Bossink, B. A. G., & Fu, J. (2020). Linking leaders’ voluntary workplace green behavior and team green innovation: the mediation role of team green efficacy. Sustainability, 12(8), 3404. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083404
Chang, T.-W., Chen, F.-F., Luan, H.-D., & Chen, Y.-S. (2019). Effect of green organizational identity, green shared vision, and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment on green product development performance. Sustainability, 11(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030617
Chen, D., Chu, X., Yang, X., Sun, X., Li, Y., & Su, Y. (2015). PSS solution evaluation considering sustainability under hybrid uncertain environments. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(14), 5822–5838.
Chen, L., Jiang, M., Yang, J., Wei, Z., Liu, C., & Ling, Y. (2014). Presence of an intralithospheric discontinuity in the central and western North China Craton: Implications for destruction of the craton. Geology, 42(3), 223–226.
Crucke, S., Servaes, M., Kluijtmans, T., Mertens, S., & Schollaert, E. (2022). Linking environmentally-specific transformational leadership and employees’ green advocacy: The influence of leadership integrity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(2), 406–420. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2208
Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25(3), 357–384.
De Jonge, J., Bosma, H., Peter, R., & Siegrist, J. (2000). Job strain, effort-reward imbalance and employee well-being: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Social Science & Medicine, 50(9), 1317–1327.
Dibaei, S., & Lahijanian, A. M. (2009). Exploration of Environmental Education in Curriculum of Guidance Schools. 6(3), 177-184
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302
Dwyer, P. C., Bono, J. E., Snyder, M., Nov, O., & Berson, Y. (2013). Sources of volunteer motivation: Transformational leadership and personal motives influence volunteer outcomes. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 24(2), 181–205.
Farhadi Nejad, M., Alikarami, S., & Abdi, M. (2019). Examining the impact of green transformational leadership on green behaviors considering the mediating role of environmental attitudes. Transformation Management Journal, 11(2), 29–52.
Farrokhi, M., Amiri, Z., & Delvi Esfahani, M. (2020). the effect of green human resource management on employee environmental behavior by considering the modifying role of individual green values​​ and service culture. Journal of Sustainable Human Resource Management, 2(2), 137–157.
Ghaderi, Z., Rajabi, M., & Walker, M. (2021). Psychic income benefits of small-scale sports events: Host community perspectives. European Sport Management Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1882525
Ghasemy, M., Teeroovengadum, V., Becker, J. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2020). This fast car can move faster: a review of PLS-SEM application in higher education research. Higher Education, 80(6), 1121–1152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00534-1
Ghoochani, O., Ghanian, M., Kheirolahi, M., Lahejan Zadeh, A., & Dashte, M. (2015). Explaining the environmental responsive behavior of elementary schools’ teachers: Application of structural equation modelling. Journal of Educational Scinces, 22(2), 99–124.
Gillet, N., Fouquereau, E., Bonnaud-Antignac, A., Mokounkolo, R., & Colombat, P. (2013). The mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between transformational leadership and nurses’ quality of work life: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(10), 1359–1367.
Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The impact of human resources environment and organizational identification on employees’ psychological well-being. Public Personnel Management51(1), 71-96.
Hassanpoor, A., & Ebrahimi, S. (2020). Identification and ranking of effective factors on employees’ green behavior through DANP technique. Organizational Behaviour Studies Quarterly, 9(1), 177–208.
Izadi, F., Karimian, A. A., & Sodayizadeh, H. (2013). Investigation about environmental awareness of rural students and its correlation with awareness of their parents and teachers, case study: Students in secondary school of villages in Jey Distric, Esfahan. Journal of Rural Research, 4(4), 777–792.
Jabbour, C. J. C., de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., Govindan, K., Teixeira, A. A., & de Souza Freitas, W. R. (2013). Environmental management and operational performance in automotive companies in Brazil: the role of human resource management and lean manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47, 129–140.
Kameli, A. R., Yazdani, H. R., Nik Khah Kiarmash, R., & HazhbarAfkan, H. (2016). Authentic leadership impact on the employees’ well-being and deviant behaviors mediated by psychological capital. Organizational Behaviour Studies Quarterly, 5(2), 177–201.
Kline, W., Kotabe, M., Hamilton, R., & Ridgley, S. (2017). Organizational constitution, organizational identification, and executive pay: Executive controls in the USA and Japan. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration9(1), 54-68.
Knapp, M. (2003). Hidden costs of mental illness. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(6), 477–478.
Koon, V.-Y., & Ho, T.-S. (2021). Authentic leadership and employee engagement: The role of employee well-being. Human Systems Management, 40(1), 81–92.
Kuo, L., Yeh, C., & Yu, H. (2012). Disclosure of corporate social responsibility and environmental management: Evidence from China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19(5), 273–287.
Kuoppala, J., Lamminpää, A., Liira, J., & Vainio, H. (2008). Leadership, job well-being, and health effects—a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(8), 904–915.
Kura, K. M. (2016). Linking environmentally specific transformational leadership and environmental concern to green behaviour at work. Global Business Review, 17(3_suppl), 1S-14S.
Lee, E.-S., Park, T.-Y., & Koo, B. (2015). Identifying organizational identification as a basis for attitudes and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 1049.
Li, W., Bhutto, T. A., Xuhui, W., Maitlo, Q., Zafar, A. U., & Bhutto, N. A. (2020). Unlocking employees’ green creativity: The effects of green transformational leadership, green intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120229.
May, A. Y. C., Hao, G. S., & Carter, S. (2021). Intertwining corporate social responsibility, employee green behavior, and environmental sustainability: The mediation effect of organizational trust and organizational identity. Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 16(2), 32-61
McNulty, J. K., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. American Psychologist, 67(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024572
Miao, Q., Eva, N., Newman, A., & Schwarz, G. (2019). Public service motivation and performance: The role of organizational identification. Public Money & Management, 39(2), 77–85.
Mirhossseini, F. S., Najaf, A., & Saffari, M. (2019). The Modeling of professional competence of Iranian physical education teachers. Research on Educational Sport, 7(17), 17–34.
Moradiani Gilani, N., & Zardoshtian, S. (2020). The mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between organizational virtue and organizational commitment. Research on ٍEducational Sport, 8(18), 157–178.
Ones, D. S., Wiernik, B. M., Dilchert, S., & Klein, R. M. (2018). Multiple domains and categories of employee green behaviours: More than conservation. In Research handbook on employee pro-environmental behaviour (pp. 13-38). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Peace Nwakoby, N. (2020). The impact of employee welfare sustainability towards improving labor efficiency in the selected tertiary institutions in the South East, Nigeria. Management Studies and Economic Systems, 5(1/2 Winter), 49–58.
Peng, J., Chen, X., Zou, Y., & Nie, Q. (2021). Environmentally specific transformational leadership and team pro-environmental behaviors: The roles of pro-environmental goal clarity, pro-environmental harmonious passion, and power distance. Human Relations, 74(11), 1864–1888.
Peng Jian, YIN Kui, HOU Nan, ZOU Yanchun, Nie Qi. (2020). How to facilitate employee green behavior: The joint role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management practice. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(9), 1105-1120.
Pradhan, R. K., & Hati, L. (2022). The Measurement of Employee Well-being: Development and Validation of a Scale. Global Business Review, 23(2), 385–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919859101
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2018). Creating shared value: How to reinvent capitalism—And unleash a wave of innovation and growth. In Managing sustainable business: An executive education case and textbook (pp. 323-346). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), 329–354.
Robertson, J. L., & Carleton, E. (2018). Uncovering how and when environmental leadership affects employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 25(2), 197–210.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology52(1), 141-166.
Scherbaum, C. A., Popovich, P. M., & Finlinson, S. (2008). Exploring individual‐level factors related to employee energy‐conservation behaviors at work 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(3), 818–835.
Sharma, P.Kong, T.T.C. and Kingshott, R.P.J. (2016), "Internal service quality as a driver of employee satisfaction, commitment and performance: Exploring the focal role of employee well-being", Journal of Service Management, 27(5),773-797. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-10-2015-0294
Skakon, J., Nielsen, K., Borg, V., & Guzman, J. (2010). Are leaders’ well-being, behaviours and style associated with the affective well-being of their employees? A systematic review of three decades of research. Work & Stress, 24(2), 107–139.
Su, L., & Swanson, S. R. (2019). Perceived corporate social responsibility’s impact on the well-being and supportive green behaviors of hotel employees: The mediating role of the employee-corporate relationship. Tourism Management, 72, 437–450.
Tajeddini, K., & Trueman, M. (2016). Environment-strategy and alignment in a restricted, transitional economy: Empirical research on its application to Iranian state-owned enterprises. Long Range Planning, 49(5), 570–583.
Tajeddini, K., Martin, E., & Altinay, L. (2020). The importance of human-related factors on service innovation and performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 85, 102431.
Tian, H., Zhang, J., & Li, J. (2020). The relationship between pro-environmental attitude and employee green behavior: the role of motivational states and green work climate perceptions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7341–7352.
Van Horn, J. E., Taris, T. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2004). The structure of occupational well‐being: A study among Dutch teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(3), 365–375.
Van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations. Research in organizational behavior25, 243-295.
Wang, Y.-F. (2016). Modeling predictors of restaurant employees’ green behavior: Comparison of six attitude-behavior models. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 58, 66–81.
Wolff, A., Gondran, N., & Brodhag, C. (2018). Integrating corporate social responsibility into conservation policy. The example of business commitments to contribute to the French National Biodiversity Strategy. Environmental Science & Policy, 86, 106–114.
Xiao, J., Mao, J.-Y., Huang, S., & Qing, T. (2020). Employee-organization fit and voluntary green behavior: A cross-level model examining the role of perceived insider status and green organizational climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2193.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072193
Zheng, X., Zhu, W., Zhao, H., & Zhang, C. (2015). Employee well‐being in organizations: Theoretical model, scale development, and cross‐cultural validation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(5), 621–644.
Zhu, W., He, H., Treviño, L. K., Chao, M. M., & Wang, W. (2015). Ethical leadership and follower voice and performance: The role of follower identifications and entity morality beliefs. The Leadership Quarterly26(5), 702-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.004