A General Dynamic Function for the Basal Area of Individual Trees Derived from a Production Theoretically Motivated Autonomous Differential Equation

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Management and Economic Optimization, Optimal Solutions in cooperation with Linnaeus University, Umea, Sweden

Abstract

The management of forests may be motivated from production economic and environmental perspectives. The dynamically changing properties of trees affect environmental objectives and values of trees as raw material in the construction sector and in the energy sector. In order to optimize the management of forests, it is necessary to have access to reliable functions that predict how trees develop over time. One central property of a tree is the basal area, the area of the stem segment 1.3 meters above ground. In this paper, a general dynamic function for the basal area of individual trees has been developed from a production theoretically motivated autonomous differential equation. A closed form solution is derived and analyzed. Several examples of recent application of this function in Iran and Sweden are reported.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Braun, M. (1983). Differential equations and their applications, applied mathematical sciences (3rd ed.)  New York, NY: Springer Verlag,p 546.
 Hatami, N., Lohmander, P., Moayeri, M. H., & Mohammadi Limaei, S. (2017, April 26-27). A basal area increment model for individual trees in mixed species continuous cover stands in Iranian Caspian forests. Presentation at National Conference on the Caspian Forests of Iran: Past, Current, Future, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
 Kordshouli, H. R., Ebrahimi, A., & Bouzanjani, A. A. (2015). An analysis of the green response of consumers to the environmentally friendly behaviour of corporations, Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 8(3), 315-334.
 Lohmander, P. (2018a). Applications and mathematical modeling in operations research. In B. Y. Cao (Ed.), Fuzzy information and engineering and decision. IWDS 2016. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC, 646). Springer, Cham.  Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66514-6_5
 Lohmander, P. (2018b). Optimal stochastic dynamic control of spatially distributed interdependent production units. In B. Y. Cao (Ed.), Fuzzy Information and Engineering and Decision. IWDS 2016. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC, volume 646). Springer, Cham. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66514-6_13
 Lohmander, P., Olsson, J. O., Fagerberg, N., Bergh, J., & Adamopoulos, S. (2017, August 27-30). High resolution adaptive optimization of continuous cover spruce forest management in southern Sweden. Extended Abstracts of  SSAFR 2017: Symposium on Systems Analysis in Forest Resources, Clearwater Resort, Suquamish, Washington.
 Mohammadi, Z., Mohammadi Limaei, S., Lohmander, P., & Olsson, L. (2017, April 26-27). Estimation of growth model in uneven – aged forests  (Case study: Iranian Caspian forests). Presentation at National Conference on the Caspian Forests of Iran: Past, Current, Future, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
 Nazari, H., Kazemi, A., & Hashemi, M.H. (2016). Selecting the appropriate scenario for forecasting energy demands of residential and commercial sectors in Iran using two metaheuristic algorithms. Iranian Journal of Management Studies 9(1), 101-123.
 Orand, S. S., Mirzazadeh, A., Ahmadzadeh, F., & Talebloo, F. (2015). Optimization of the inflationary inventory control model under stochastic conditions with Simpson approximation: Particle swarm optimization approach. Iranian Journal of Management Studies 8(2), 203-220.
 Simmons, G. F. (1972). Differential equations with applications and historical notes. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, p 465.